UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Nyāya describes a formal five-step pattern for anumāna: stating the thesis (pratijñā), giving the reason (hetu), citing an example that shows vyāpti (dṛṣṭānta), applying the universal to the minor term (upanaya) and finally drawing the conclusion (nigamana). This order moves from claim, to justification, to illustration, to application, and ends with a restated, now justified conclusion. The sequence in option C follows this traditional structure exactly.

Option A:
Option A incorrectly starts with the reason and then states the thesis, reversing the natural Nyāya order.

Option B:
Option B misplaces hetu after dṛṣṭānta, although the reason should precede the illustrative example in the usual pattern.

Option C:
Option C faithfully reproduces the textbook order of the five avayavas, reflecting the logical and pedagogical flow emphasised in Nyāya manuals.

Option D:
Option D starts with the example rather than the thesis, which does not match the standard presentation of the inferential sequence.