UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B, C, E and F are correct and show technical, economic, behavioural and policy aspects of efficiency. Statement D is false because energy efficiency supports energy security by reducing demand and contributes to sustainable development by lowering environmental impacts. Hence, the correct combination is A, B, C, E and F only.

Option A:
Option A is correct because it includes all true statements and excludes D, which wrongly dismisses efficiency’s role in energy security and sustainability.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it omits E and F, missing behavioural and policy tools that help realise efficiency gains in practice.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect since it includes D (false) and omits A, losing the basic definitional statement of efficiency.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it omits B, so it underrepresents emissions benefits of efficiency when power is fossil-fuel based.

Statements A, B and C correctly capture key aspects of environmental legislation and global environmental governance. Statement A points to the significance of the Stockholm Conference, B recognises the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 as an umbrella legislation in India and C links Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement with climate change mitigation. Statements D and E are incorrect because environmental laws support sustainable development and international agreements generally require domestic implementation measures. Hence the combination containing A, B and C only is the correct answer.

Option A:
Option A is correct because it includes all three true statements while excluding the false ones. It clearly recognises both international and national legal frameworks that contribute to environmental protection and sustainable development. By omitting D and E, which misrepresent the role and functioning of environmental legislation and treaties, this option aligns with established understanding.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it adds statement D to the otherwise correct set A, B and C. Statement D falsely claims that environmental legislation has no role in sustainable development, whereas in reality laws and regulations are central instruments in achieving sustainability goals. The inclusion of this wrong statement invalidates the combination.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it combines B, C and E. While B and C are correct, E is wrong because international environmental agreements usually require ratification, legislation and administrative action at the national level. Having one incorrect statement makes this option unacceptable.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it includes A, C, D and E. Although A and C are true, D and E are both false for reasons related to the role of environmental legislation and the need for national implementation of treaties. Mixing correct and incorrect statements makes the combination invalid.

Option E is incorrect because it claims that all five statements are correct. Since D and E are clearly wrong, treating them as correct contradicts basic facts about environmental law and governance. Therefore this option cannot be chosen as the right answer.

Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) requires manufacturers to take back or ensure proper collection and recycling of their products after use. Electronics are a common target because they contain hazardous as well as valuable materials. The stem mentions post consumer products requiring end of life management,which matches electronic waste. Therefore Option B is the correct answer.

Option A:
Fresh vegetables are perishable goods whose waste is usually biodegradable and handled through normal organic waste systems. They are not the primary focus of EPR frameworks,so Option A is not suitable.

Option B:
Electronic waste includes discarded computers,phones and appliances whose safe disposal and recycling need organised systems. EPR shifts some responsibility for these systems to producers,matching the concept in the question.

Option C:
Groundwater resources require regulation but are not “products” returned to producers. EPR is product oriented,so Option C does not fit.

Option D:
Open spaces are environmental amenities,not items manufactured and sold by producers. They are not managed through EPR policies,so Option D is incorrect.