Cultivation theory,developed by Gerbner and colleagues,proposes that heavy and prolonged television viewing cultivates a particular view of social reality among audiences. Over time,viewers' perceptions become more similar to the recurrent messages in TV content. The stem directly describes this long term shaping of perceptions. Therefore,it refers to cultivation theory.
Option A:
Spiral of silence deals with expressing opinions in public when they are perceived as minority views,not with long term exposure.
Option B:
Agenda setting focuses on which issues are seen as important,not on detailed perceptions of social reality.
Option C:
Uses and gratifications emphasises active audience choice,not cumulative shaping of beliefs by exposure.
Option D:
Cultivation highlights how television can create a "mean world" or other biased views,making option B correct.
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