UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

The NGT is a specialised judicial body established to handle environmental disputes quickly and with technical expertise. It adjudicates civil cases involving substantial questions relating to the environment, including enforcement of legal rights, compensation and restoration. Its core role is to decide such cases, not to legislate or directly manage resources.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because making laws is the function of Parliament and state legislatures; the NGT applies existing environmental laws rather than enacting new ones.

Option B:
Option B is correct since the NGT’s mandate is to hear and dispose of environmental cases concerning pollution, forests, biodiversity and other natural resources.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect as day-to-day management of parks and sanctuaries is handled by forest and wildlife departments, not by the NGT.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because tax collection is carried out by revenue authorities; the NGT may impose penalties or compensation, but it is not a tax-collecting agency.

The National Green Tribunal (NGT) is a dedicated body set up under the NGT Act,2010 to handle cases related to environmental protection and conservation of forests and natural resources. It is empowered to provide relief and compensation for environmental damage. The stem clearly refers to a specialised judicial body for speedy disposal of environmental disputes,which describes the NGT. Therefore National Green Tribunal is the correct option.

Option A:
The Central Pollution Control Board is a technical and advisory body responsible for monitoring and controlling pollution. It does not adjudicate disputes in a judicial capacity. Hence it is not the institution described in the question.

Option B:
The National Green Tribunal functions with expert and judicial members and follows relatively simple procedures to make environmental justice more accessible. Its mandate covers a wide range of environmental laws. These features align well with the explanation in the stem.

Option C:
The Ministry of Environment,Forest and Climate Change is the apex administrative body for policy making and implementation. While it frames rules and notifications,it is not a tribunal that hears and decides disputes,so it is not the right answer.

Option D:
The Forest Advisory Committee evaluates proposals for diversion of forest land for non forest use under the Forest Conservation Act. It has a specific advisory role and is not a general environmental dispute resolution body. Thus it does not match the stem.