UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Nyāya distinguishes the instrument of knowledge (pramāṇa) from the resultant valid cognition (pramā). Anumāna is the inferential pramāṇa, whereas anumiti is the true cognition produced by that pramāṇa, such as “the hill is fiery.” This distinction allows Nyāya to analyse both the process and the product of knowing. Anumiti thus names the successful inferential knowledge that arises when all conditions for proper inference are met.

Option A:
Option A points to vyāpti, the universal concomitance between hetu and sādhya, which is a prerequisite for inference but not the inferential cognition itself.

Option B:
Option B simply describes the perception of the hetu, which is still at the perceptual stage and precedes the inferential step.

Option C:
Option C correctly identifies anumiti as the resulting knowledge that appears in the mind after a valid anumāna operates; it is the pramā distinct from its pramāṇa.

Option D:
Option D concerns the parārthānumāna’s linguistic presentation in five members; this is an expression of reasoning for others, not the inner cognition labelled anumiti.