UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B, C, D and F are correct: UHIs make cities warmer than rural areas; built surfaces and waste heat intensify warming; greening/cool roofs mitigate; and UHI is often stronger at night. Statement E is false because UHIs increase cooling demand and heat stress, affecting health. Hence, the correct combination is A, B, C, D and F only.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect as it omits F and therefore misses the well-known feature that UHI effects are often especially pronounced at night.

Option B:
Option B is correct because it includes all true statements and excludes E, which wrongly denies energy-demand and health implications.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect since it includes E, which is false.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it omits B, so it underplays the key role of built-up surfaces like concrete/asphalt in UHI formation.

Statement D is the only wrong statement because higher urban temperatures clearly affect public health through heat stress and increase energy demand for cooling. Statements A, B and C correctly describe what the urban heat island is and outline mitigation and adaptation measures such as greening and heat action plans. Heat-related morbidity and mortality have been documented for vulnerable city populations. Therefore, identifying D alone as wrong is the correct choice.

Option A:
Option A is correct because it isolates D as the single incorrect statement while treating A, B and C as valid. It recognises that urban heat has serious health and energy implications and that planning must address these. This option matches the requirement to select the wrong statement or statements.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect as it treats both A and D as wrong. Statement A correctly defines the urban heat island phenomenon and is widely used in urban climate studies. Including A among wrong statements shows a misunderstanding of the basic concept.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it groups B and D as wrong. While D is wrong, B is correct since green infrastructure is a recognised strategy for cooling cities. Misclassifying B undermines accepted adaptation measures.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect as it treats C and D as wrong together. C accurately identifies heat action plans, early warning and cooling centres as important adaptation measures. Including C among wrong statements makes this option unacceptable.