Teaching ultimately aims to promote learning in students, so their achievement provides a key indicator of instructional success. When students demonstrate understanding, skills and attitudes aligned with objectives, it suggests that teaching strategies and materials were effective. Although other factors also influence achievement, it remains a central criterion for evaluating teaching. Thus, student achievement is correctly identified as the direct indicator.
Option A:
Teacher achievement might refer to professional growth or research output, which are important but do not directly show whether classroom teaching is helping learners meet objectives.
Option B:
Student achievement is typically measured through assessments, projects and performance tasks. When interpreted carefully, these outcomes reflect both the quality of teaching and the efforts of learners. This close link to teaching goals makes student the appropriate word to complete the stem.
Option C:
Institutional achievement relates to the overall performance of the institution in areas such as rankings or infrastructure, which can indirectly affect teaching but are not direct measures of classroom effectiveness.
Option D:
Curricular achievement is not a standard phrase; curriculum refers to planned content and experiences rather than realised learning outcomes. It is students who achieve, not the curriculum itself.
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