UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

The disaster management cycle describes a continuous sequence of activities aimed at reducing risk and managing events when they occur. Mitigation involves measures to prevent hazards from becoming disasters or to lessen their impacts. Preparedness includes planning, training and early warning systems. Response covers immediate actions during and after the disaster, while recovery focuses on restoring normalcy and building back better. Listing mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery together therefore accurately depicts the cycle, as in Option A.

Option A:
Option A is correct as it includes all major phases recognised in standard disaster management frameworks. Together they convey a proactive and reactive approach that extends beyond short-term relief.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect; hazard creation, panic and passive waiting are not desirable components of disaster management. Effective systems seek to reduce hazards and avoid panic through planning and communication.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because development, industrialisation, urbanisation and globalisation are broader socio-economic processes, not specific stages of disaster management. They can influence risk but are not themselves management components.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect as evacuation alone cannot substitute for comprehensive mitigation, preparedness and recovery planning. A narrow focus on evacuation misses many essential tasks before and after a disaster.

Effective disaster management recognises that communities are the first to face impacts and the first to respond. Local residents possess detailed knowledge of terrain, hazards and social networks that outside experts may lack. When they participate in risk assessment, planning, drills and early warning systems, measures become more realistic and widely accepted. Therefore, involving communities throughout the disaster management cycle harnesses local capacity and builds resilience, as stated in option D.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because treating disaster management as purely technical overlooks social, cultural and behavioural factors. Excluding communities can result in plans that fail during real events.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect since viewing people only as recipients of relief denies their agency and capabilities. Such a top-down approach misses opportunities for preparedness and risk reduction driven by communities themselves.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because hiding information increases vulnerability. Transparent risk communication allows people to take timely protective actions and reduces rumours and panic.

Option D:
Option D is correct as it emphasises participation, shared knowledge and empowerment. Community-based disaster risk management is widely promoted as a cornerstone of sustainable resilience.