UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A and B describe modus ponens and modus tollens, which are valid forms, while C and D describe affirming the consequent and denying the antecedent, which are invalid. E correctly classifies A, B vs C, D in exam terms, and F restates that only A and B among the four are correct patterns. Thus A, B, E and F are true, whereas C and D are false as descriptions of valid forms. This makes A, B, E and F only the correct combination.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete because it omits F, which explicitly summarises that only A and B (among A–D) are valid patterns.

Option B:
Option B is wrong since it includes C, thereby treating affirming the consequent as if it yielded a valid inference.

Option C:
Option C is correct because it includes all true statements (A, B, E, F) and excludes the false ones (C, D).

Option D:
Option D is incorrect as it omits A (modus ponens), which is one of the key valid forms.

A, B and E are correct; C and D are wrong. Denying the antecedent and affirming the consequent are invalid forms; only modus ponens and modus tollens are valid. UGC NET tests spotting these invalid patterns.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because D is also wrong; selecting only C is incomplete.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because C is also wrong; selecting only D is incomplete.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because B is correct (modus tollens), so including B as wrong is incorrect.

Option D:
Option D is correct because it identifies both invalid patterns (C and D) as wrong.

Statements A and B are valid argument forms (modus ponens and modus tollens). C and D are invalid forms (affirming the consequent and denying the antecedent). Statement E is also correct: validity depends on logical form, not on whether the premises are factually true. Hence the correct set of statements is A, B and E only.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it leaves out B (modus tollens), which is also valid, and it also ignores E, which is a true statement about validity.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it includes A and B but omits E, even though E correctly states that validity depends on form rather than the truth of premises.

Option C:
Option C is wrong because it includes C, and affirming the consequent is a standard fallacy; q can be true for reasons other than p.

Option D:
Option D is correct because it includes the two valid forms (A and B) and the correct general fact about validity (E), while excluding the two fallacies (C and D).