UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B, D and E are correct as they deal with losses, augmentation, demand management and justice dimensions of urban water. Leakage and non-revenue water weaken systems, urban rainwater harvesting can supplement supplies, managing demand reduces stress and equitable access is central to justice. C is wrong because wetlands and lakes help store water and mitigate floods, and F is wrong since integrated management explicitly considers linkages between different parts of the urban water cycle. Hence, A, B, D and E only is the correct combination.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect as it omits E and thereby fails to reflect the equity aspect of urban water management. Without E, the answer focuses only on technical measures and leaves out social justice concerns.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it includes C, which dismisses the role of wetlands and lakes in mitigation and recharge. Accepting C contradicts hydrological understanding and urban planning practice.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect since it groups B, D, E and F and incorrectly accepts F, which claims integrated management ignores system interactions. By definition, integrated approaches do the opposite, so this option is conceptually flawed.

Option D:
Option D is correct because it brings together all the true statements and excludes the two false ones about wetlands and integration. It captures technical, environmental and equity aspects of urban water issues.

Statements A, C, D and F are correct because they emphasise interconnections among sectors, water dependence of energy production, the value of integrated planning and the cross-sector effects of demand and efficiency measures. Statement B is wrong since irrigation pumps and water conveyance can significantly increase energy use, and E is wrong because SDGs explicitly require integrated approaches across water, energy and food. Thus, the correct combination is A, C, D and F only.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect as it omits F, overlooking how demand management or efficiency in one sector can relieve pressure in the others. Without F, the answer underplays practical levers for improving nexus outcomes.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it includes B and excludes F. Accepting B ignores well-known links between irrigation expansion and energy demand, while dropping F removes an important strategy for reducing pressures.

Option C:
Option C is correct as it encompasses all the true statements about linkages, dependencies, planning and efficiency while rejecting B and E, which deny key aspects of the nexus and its relevance to SDGs.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect since it includes B and E, placing two clearly false statements alongside some true ones. It also omits A, ignoring the basic premise of interconnection central to the nexus concept.