UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

A research tool, also called an instrument, is a structured device such as a questionnaire, test, checklist or interview schedule that is used to collect data from participants. It operationalises variables into observable indicators and must be designed carefully for reliability and validity. Tools are central to implementing the research design in the field. Thus, the questionnaires and tests mentioned in the stem are accurately termed research tools.

Option A:
Design refers to the overall plan of the study, including how tools will be used, but is not itself the specific device used to gather data. Therefore, design is not the best completion.

Option B:
Option B, tool, highlights that these instruments are practical means by which data are captured according to the research objectives. Good tools translate abstract concepts into items and scales, which aligns with the description given in the question.

Option C:
A variable is a measurable attribute that can take different values among individuals or situations. It is measured by tools but is not the same as the device used for measurement. Hence, variable does not fit the stem.

Option D:
A hypothesis is a testable prediction about relationships among variables and guides what data need to be collected. It is conceptual rather than a physical or digital instrument, so hypothesis is not appropriate here.