Star topology links each node directly to a central connecting device, so all communication passes through that central point. This layout simplifies fault isolation because a problem in one cable usually affects only one node. It is widely used in modern local area networks with switches. Hence, the topology described in the stem is star topology.
Option A:
Option A, ring, connects devices in a circular fashion where each node has exactly two neighbours, and data travels around the ring rather than through a central node.
Option B:
Option B, bus, uses a single backbone cable to which all devices are attached, and it does not rely on a central connection point.
Option C:
Option C, mesh, involves nodes being interconnected with many redundant paths, which increases reliability but does not match the centralised structure described.
Option D:
Option D is correct because star topology is defined specifically by all nodes connecting to a central device such as a hub or switch.
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