UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, C, D and E correctly summarise Nyaya’s treatment of doubt, while B is false. Nyaya regards doubt as an intermediate, uncertain cognition that prompts inquiry, not as a pramāṇa. Valid knowledge, by contrast, removes doubt and error, and its analysis considers factors like similarity of marks and conflicting indications. Because UGC NET Indian logic questions sometimes ask for definitions and causes of doubt, E is also true. Thus A, C, D, E only forms the correct group.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete as it omits E, not mentioning the exam relevance explicitly emphasised in the stem. A, C, D only therefore does not fully answer the question.

Option B:
Option B is correct because it collects all true statements and excludes B, which wrongly elevates doubt to the status of a knowledge-source. This reflects Nyaya epistemology and its use in UGC NET questions.

Option C:
Option C is wrong since it leaves out A, so C, D, E only does not define doubt as a state of uncertainty between alternatives, giving an incomplete account.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it includes B, which mischaracterises doubt as a pramāṇa, and so A, B, C, D only mixes false and true claims.