UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Higher ethanol blending can reduce net emissions compared to pure fossil petrol when the biofuel is produced sustainably. It also displaces a portion of imported crude oil, improving energy security and reducing the trade deficit. Additionally, it can create markets for agricultural residues and certain crops, potentially supporting farmer incomes if water and land are managed carefully.

Option A:
This option is incorrect because blending ethanol actually substitutes part of the imported fossil component, reducing dependence.

Option B:
This option correctly captures the multiple co-benefits claimed for E20 in climate, energy and rural-development terms, while noting that sustainability conditions apply.

Option C:
While emissions can decrease, E20 alone cannot eliminate all pollutants; vehicle technology and maintenance also matter.

Option D:
Shifting entirely to private cars would worsen congestion and emissions; biofuel policy is meant to complement, not replace, public transport improvements.