UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A and B correctly define sufficient and necessary conditions by linking the holding of one property to the presence of another, and C is true because some conditions are both necessary and sufficient, forming a biconditional. Statement E is also true as many reasoning errors arise from confusing what is merely necessary with what is sufficient. Statement D is false because from “p is sufficient for q” it does not follow that q is sufficient for p; the implication generally does not reverse. Therefore, the correct combination is the one that collects A, B, C and E and excludes D.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete because it omits E and therefore does not acknowledge the common reasoning mistake of confusing necessary and sufficient conditions in practical thinking. While A, B and C are true, the set does not cover the full conceptual picture.

Option B:
Option B is also incomplete since it leaves out B, so it does not explicitly state how a necessary condition restricts the possibility of Q without P. Although A, C and E are true, missing B means the definition of necessity is not fully represented.

Option C:
Option C is correct because it gathers all true statements, including the definitional ones and the observation about everyday confusion, and it rightly rejects D, which incorrectly reverses the implication between sufficient conditions. This option best reflects the logic of conditionals.

Option D:
Option D is wrong because it includes D, which describes an invalid inference pattern, and it omits A, thereby failing to give the correct account of sufficiency. Mixing one false statement with an incomplete set of true ones makes this option unacceptable.