UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Badhita hetu is one whose alleged universal relation with the sadhya is overruled by more powerful means of knowledge. For instance, an argument claiming that fire is cold based on some spurious reason is refuted by direct perception of fire's heat. When stronger pramanas deny the connection asserted by the hetu, the reason is considered defeated. Therefore the fallacy in the stem is badhita hetvabhasa.

Option A:
Option A, asiddha, concerns reasons not established in the paksha and does not necessarily involve conflict with superior evidence about the vyapti. The defect is at the level of presence, not of being contradicted.

Option B:
Option B is correct because badhita literally means "defeated" and captures the idea that although a relation is claimed, it cannot stand in the face of more authoritative cognition. Nyaya places high priority on coherence among pramanas.

Option C:
Option C, viruddha, describes reasons that entail the opposite conclusion, which is a different kind of logical failure from being overridden by stronger knowledge.

Option D:
Option D, savyabhicara, is about irregular association rather than explicit refutation by perception or scripture.