Urban air quality management issues – UGC NET Question

Statements B and D are wrong, whereas A and C are correct. Industrial relocation by itself does not always eliminate urban air problems and can merely shift pollution elsewhere, and green belts alone cannot handle all complex sources of urban air pollution. Statements A and C correctly point to sustainable transport modes and emission standards as important strategies. Therefore, the combination that identifies B and D together as wrong statements is the correct answer.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it singles out only B as wrong and fails to recognise that D is also incorrect. Green belts can contribute to some air quality benefits but cannot single-handedly solve all urban pollution issues, so D must be included among wrong statements.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it selects only D as wrong and leaves out B, even though B is false. The notion that industrial relocation always solves urban air problems oversimplifies the issue and disregards cumulative and secondary pollutants.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect as it includes B, C and D as wrong statements. While B and D are wrong, C is correct since vehicle emission standards and inspection regimes are key tools used worldwide for exhaust control. Treating C as wrong contradicts standard air quality management practice.

Option D:
Option D is correct because it groups exactly the two incorrect statements B and D. It acknowledges the partial nature of relocation and green belts, and recognises that integrated strategies including A and C are necessary to address urban air quality.