Sabda as verbal testimony – UGC NET Question

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U6 – Logical Reasoning and Indian Logic
Practice
Concepts: authority and testimony Nyaya epistemology sabda pramana trustworthy speaker ugc net indian logic vedic scripture

Q: Which of the following statements about śabda (verbal testimony) as a pramāṇa are correct?

(A) In Nyaya, śabda refers to statements of a trustworthy person (āpta) as a source of knowledge;
(B) Scripture (śruti) is treated as a special case of authoritative verbal testimony;
(C) For Nyaya, the reliability of the speaker is crucial for śabda to count as valid pramāṇa;
(D) Śabda is restricted only to Vedic texts and excludes all secular communication;
(E) UGC NET questions may ask which of the pramāṇas correspond to testimony or authority;
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

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