Ethical research with human participants requires respect for their autonomy and dignity. Informed consent ensures that participants understand the purpose, procedures, risks and benefits before agreeing to take part. Their participation must be voluntary, and their privacy and well being should be safeguarded throughout. Protecting rights and welfare is therefore at the core of ethical research practice.
Option A:
Option A describes deliberate deception about all aspects, which violates informed consent and can only be justified in rare cases under strict conditions. Even then, debriefing is essential.
Option B:
Option B captures key ethical obligations, including informed consent, voluntariness and protection from harm. These principles are emphasized in most ethical guidelines and institutional review processes for research involving humans.
Option C:
Option C suggests publishing personal details without permission, which breaches confidentiality and privacy. Ethical standards require anonymizing data or obtaining explicit consent for disclosure.
Option D:
Option D refers to coercion by preventing withdrawal, which directly conflicts with the right to withdraw at any time without penalty.
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