Organic farming sustainable practice – UGC NET Question

Organic farming is based on using compost,green manure,biological pest control and crop rotations instead of synthetic chemicals. It seeks to enhance soil fertility, biodiversity and ecological balance. The stem clearly mentions avoiding synthetic fertilisers and pesticides and relying on natural inputs,which is the defining feature of organic farming. Thus organic farming is the correct term.

Option A:
Organic farming focuses on long term soil health and minimisation of chemical residues in food and the environment. Certification standards specify which inputs are permitted and which are prohibited. Because the question stem mirrors these ideas,this option correctly captures the concept.

Option B:
Intensive farming seeks to maximise output per unit area through high inputs of fertilisers, pesticides and irrigation. In many cases it relies heavily on synthetic chemicals,the opposite of what the question describes. Hence it is not appropriate for the blank.

Option C:
Shift cultivation (or shifting cultivation) involves clearing forest patches, growing crops for a few years and then moving to a new area. While it may use few chemicals,it is defined by mobility and fallows rather than deliberate avoidance of synthetic inputs,so it does not match exactly.

Option D:
Monoculture farming refers to growing a single crop species over large areas for many seasons. It can occur under organic or chemical intensive regimes but is not defined by input type. Therefore it does not neatly fit the description in the stem.