Observation methods – UGC NET Question

Statements D and E are wrong because observation can certainly be combined with interviews and documents in mixed-methods or triangulated designs, and ethical principles apply strongly to observation, especially regarding privacy. Statements A, B and C correctly distinguish participant, non-participant and structured observation. Thus, the only correct answer is the option that lists D and E as the wrong statements.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it isolates D alone as wrong and overlooks E, which mistakenly claims that ethics are irrelevant in observation. Both D and E contradict accepted research practice.

Option B:
Option B is correct because it identifies exactly those statements that conflict with methodological and ethical guidance, while affirming A, B and C as accurate descriptions of observation types.

Option C:
Option C is wrong because it also treats C as incorrect, even though structured observation does rely on predefined categories and checklists. Misclassifying C undermines understanding of structured approaches.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it labels B, which correctly defines non-participant observation, as wrong along with D and E. This misrepresents a basic distinction in observational roles.