Net-zero year in Panchamrit – UGC NET Question

In its “Panchamrit” announcement at COP26, India declared that it would achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2070. This long-term target complements other 2030 goals related to non-fossil capacity, renewable share and emissions intensity. For a developing country with significant poverty reduction needs, the year 2070 balances development priorities with global climate responsibility. It also signals that India is willing to move towards a low-carbon trajectory while seeking climate finance and technology support. (MEA India)

Option A:
This option is incorrect because the 2050 net-zero year is generally associated with many developed countries, not with India’s pledge at COP26. Adopting 2050 as India’s target would ignore its distinct development context and the actual commitment made. Therefore, this statement does not match the officially announced Panchamrit.

Option B:
This option is wrong as no country has promised “immediate” net-zero from 2025; such a claim is unrealistic, especially for a large developing economy. Net-zero requires deep structural changes over decades, and India’s announced timeline is 2070, not 2025.

Option C:
This option correctly states the year linked with India’s net-zero pledge under the Panchamrit commitments. It reflects the balance between development and climate action that underpins India’s negotiating stance. The 2070 date is widely cited in official statements and analyses of India’s climate policy.

Option D:
Phasing out all hydroelectric projects by 2030 is not part of the Panchamrit. In fact, hydropower is counted as a non-fossil source that can help in the transition away from coal. Eliminating it would undermine energy security and flexibility rather than support climate goals.