National climate action strategies – UGC NET Question

Effective climate strategies combine actions to limit emissions with efforts to adapt to inevitable impacts. Improving efficiency reduces energy demand, while scaling up renewables decarbonises supply. At the same time, investing in resilient infrastructure and mainstreaming adaptation into agriculture, water, health and urban planning helps societies cope with changing climate risks. Together these measures reflect an integrated approach consistent with international guidance on climate-resilient development.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because subsidising fossil fuels and abandoning renewable targets lock economies into high-carbon pathways and increase vulnerability to future policy and market shifts.

Option B:
Option B is correct because it combines mitigation and adaptation instruments in a coherent framework, aligning with many national climate action plans and global recommendations.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect since focusing only on forests, while valuable, leaves out major emitting sectors like energy, industry and transport and neglects adaptation needs in vulnerable communities.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because delaying domestic action until others move risks higher future costs and undermines collective efforts to stabilise the climate.