Mode 1 vs Mode 2 knowledge – UGC NET Question

In the Mode 1–Mode 2 framework, Mode 1 denotes conventional disciplinary research carried out largely in universities and driven by academic curiosity. The stem clearly describes this traditional pattern, so the correct number to complete the term is “1.”

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because “Mode 0” is not part of this established classification in the literature.

Option B:
Option B is correct as Mode 1 is the recognised label for university-based, discipline-bound knowledge production governed by academic norms.

Option C:
Option C is wrong since Mode 2 refers to transdisciplinary, application-oriented research conducted in heterogeneous contexts, not to the traditional university model in the stem.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because “4” likewise has no recognised meaning in this particular framework of knowledge modes.