Environmental movements and social concerns – UGC NET Question

Statements A, B and C correctly describe major environmental movements in India and their concerns. Chipko involved forest-dependent communities protecting trees, Narmada Bachao Andolan questioned displacement and ecological impacts of dams and Silent Valley movement worked to save a unique rainforest from a hydropower project. Statement D is incorrect because these movements often explicitly connect environmental issues with social justice and livelihood rights. Therefore, the combination with A, B and C only is correct.

Option A:
Option A is correct as it includes the three accurate descriptions of movements and excludes the misleading statement D. It reflects the intertwined ecological and social dimensions of environmental struggles in India. By leaving out D, it remains conceptually coherent.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it introduces D into an otherwise correct set. Statement D wrongly claims that environmental movements ignore social justice, whereas many of them highlight equity, displacement and livelihood issues. Including this false statement invalidates the option.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it omits A and includes D. Without A, the role of the Chipko movement is overlooked, and by accepting D, it misrepresents the social orientation of these movements. Consequently, it fails to satisfy the question.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it groups A, C and D and excludes B. It neglects the important example of Narmada Bachao Andolan and simultaneously accepts D, which mischaracterises movements as apolitical regarding justice. This makes the combination unacceptable.