Domain Name System is a hierarchical, distributed database that maps domain names to IP addresses. When a user types a web address into a browser, a DNS query is used to locate the corresponding server's numeric address. This translation allows people to use easy to remember names instead of long number strings. Thus, the description in the stem refers to DNS.
Option A:
Option A, HTTP, is a protocol for transferring hypertext documents on the web and operates after the address has already been resolved. It does not itself perform the translation from names to IP numbers.
Option B:
Option B is correct because DNS is specifically designed to resolve domain names into IP addresses and back, making navigation on the internet practical for end users. Without DNS, users would need to remember numeric addresses for every site.
Option C:
Option C, SMTP, is the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol used for sending email messages between servers and is unrelated to domain name lookups.
Option D:
Option D, FTP, is the File Transfer Protocol that enables uploading and downloading of files but does not provide name resolution services.
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