Correlation and Causation – UGC NET Question

The survey result describes a correlation between two behaviours: low sleep and higher coffee consumption. Logical reasoning requires us not to jump directly from correlation to causation. Several causal models are possible, including common underlying factors like stress or work patterns. A cautious interpretation acknowledges the association while calling for further study to clarify any causal link.

Option A:
Option A prematurely attributes causation in one direction without ruling out other possibilities.

Option B:
Option B simply reverses the direction of causality and is equally unwarranted based on the correlation alone.

Option C:
Option C states what the data actually show—an association—and correctly notes that more rigorous analysis is necessary to identify cause and effect, if any.

Option D:
Option D dismisses the association entirely, which is not justified simply because correlation does not specify causation.