Statements A, B, D and E correctly describe research communication practices. Conferences provide early feedback, journals typically apply more formal peer review, journal choice should align with scope and aims and clear writing that follows author guidelines improves acceptance chances. Statement C is false because repeatedly presenting the same paper without disclosure can be considered unethical or at least questionable, as it may waste limited programme slots and mislead organisers. Hence, the combination including A, B, D and E and excluding C is correct.
Option A:
Option A is correct because it recognises the complementary roles of conferences and journals, the importance of scope matching and the need for clarity and compliance with guidelines, while rejecting the idea of undisclosed repeated presentations as acceptable.
Option B:
Option B is incomplete since it omits E, overlooking the influence of clear writing and adherence to guidelines on editorial decisions. Without E, the author’s responsibility in improving acceptance chances is underplayed.
Option C:
Option C is wrong because it leaves out A and includes only B, D and E, thereby ignoring the valuable feedback function of conferences in refining work before journal submission.
Option D:
Option D is incorrect as it includes C, the statement that normalises undisclosed duplication, alongside A, D and E. By accepting C, this option fails to uphold ethical norms in scholarly communication.
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