Cleaner production in industry – UGC NET Question

Cleaner production promotes preventive strategies within production processes rather than relying solely on treatment after pollution is created. By changing raw materials, redesigning products and improving process efficiency, industries can generate less waste, use fewer resources and lower risks. This approach often leads to both environmental and economic benefits through reduced material and energy costs.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because end-of-pipe controls treat pollution after it has been generated and are not the primary focus of cleaner production, which stresses prevention.

Option B:
Option B is clearly incorrect and illegal; dumping hazardous waste into rivers intensifies environmental harm and violates basic regulations.

Option C:
Option C is correct as it captures the preventive, process-oriented nature of cleaner production by emphasising changes at the source of pollution.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because ignoring standards may lower short-term costs but contradicts sustainable industrial practices and exposes firms to legal and reputational risks.