Causation conditions analysis – UGC NET Question

Statements A, B, C and E correctly state how necessary and sufficient conditions function, while D is false. A necessary condition must be present for the effect, and a sufficient condition guarantees the effect when it occurs. In some cases, a condition can be both necessary and sufficient, as with logical equivalences. If X is genuinely necessary for Y, Y cannot occur without X, so D contradicts the definition. UGC NET cause–effect and assumption questions often hinge on these distinctions, validating E.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete because it leaves out C and E, omitting both the possibility of conditions being both ways and the explicit exam relevance. A, B only therefore does not provide the full information intended.

Option B:
Option B improves on A but still omits E, failing to note that these notions are directly examined in UGC NET reasoning. A, B, C only thus remains incomplete with respect to the stem.

Option C:
Option C is wrong as it drops A and incorrectly suggests that specifying B, C, E alone is enough while excluding the basic role of necessary conditions. B, C, E only gives an unbalanced picture of the concepts.

Option D:
Option D is correct since it includes all true statements and excludes D, which misdescribes the relation of necessity. This aligns with standard logic and analytical reasoning used in exam questions.