Biodiversity and ecosystem services – UGC NET Question

Statements A, B, C, D and F are correct and collectively describe ecological, functional, cultural, climate and economic dimensions of biodiversity. Biodiversity supports key services, loss harms livelihoods, cultural meanings are important, conservation aids mitigation and adaptation, and payment schemes reward service provision. Statement E is wrong because biodiversity clearly remains essential for food, health, materials and cultural identity even in modern societies. Therefore, the combination that includes all true statements and excludes E is correct.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect as it omits F, which correctly notes the role of payment for ecosystem services in incentivising conservation. Without F, the answer misses an important policy mechanism linked to ecosystem services.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it leaves out C while including F. Cultural services are a standard category in ecosystem service frameworks, so excluding C gives an incomplete view of biodiversity’s contributions.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect as it includes E, a statement that denies the relevance of biodiversity to modern human well-being. Since E is clearly false, this combination mixes correct and incorrect statements.

Option D:
Option D is correct because it aggregates all the accurate statements—ecological, livelihood, cultural, climate and economic—and excludes only the claim that biodiversity has no relevance. It thus reflects the integrated role of biodiversity in people, development and environment.