Andragogy adult learning theory – UGC NET Question

Andragogy is a term popularized by Malcolm Knowles to describe the art and science of helping adults learn. It emphasizes learners’ self-direction, prior experiences and readiness to apply learning to real-life tasks. Adult learners are seen as partners in the learning process rather than dependent recipients. Therefore, the theory and practice of teaching adult learners described in the stem is known as andragogy.

Option A:
Andragogy highlights features such as the need to know, the role of learners’ experiences, internal motivation and problem-centred orientation. These characteristics distinguish adult learning from typical child-focused education. Since the stem refers specifically to adult learners and their self-direction, this option accurately names the concept.

Option B:
Pedagogy traditionally refers to the art and science of teaching children. Although the term is now sometimes used more broadly, in comparative discussions it is contrasted with andragogy. Because the question stresses adult learners and their distinctive characteristics, pedagogy is not the most precise term.

Option C:
Heutagogy extends the idea of self-directed learning to self-determined learning, often emphasizing learner autonomy in deciding what and how to learn, especially in digital environments. While related to adult learning, it is not the classic term for the general theory and practice of teaching adults mentioned in the question.

Option D:
Sociology of education is an academic field that studies how social institutions and forces affect education. It does not denote a method or theory of teaching adults. Thus, it cannot correctly complete the statement in the stem.