Vyāpti is the logical glue of inference because it states that wherever the hetu occurs under relevant conditions, the sādhya also occurs. It is established by observing many positive and negative instances until a stable pattern is recognised. This invariable concomitance justifies moving from the presence of the hetu in a new case to the presence of the sādhya. Without vyāpti, inference would be guesswork rather than a pramāṇa.
Option A:
Option A reduces vyāpti to a single coincidence, which could be accidental and cannot ground a reliable inferential rule. Vyāpti demands a general regularity, not one case.
Option B:
Option B correctly defines vyāpti as the invariable hetu–sādhya relation across relevant cases, which is exactly what supports sound inference.
Option C:
Option C confuses vyāpti with the subject’s mental confidence; psychological certainty may arise even when there is no objective invariable relation between hetu and sādhya.
Option D:
Option D refers to merely restating the thesis, which adds no new information about the connection between hetu and sādhya and therefore cannot constitute vyāpti.
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