UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Vyapti is the universal relation of pervasion linking hetu and sadhya such that the presence of the hetu guarantees the presence of the sadhya. It is learned through observation of positive and negative instances or through reliable testimony. Without vyapti, inference would lack its justificatory basis. Accordingly, the universal connection described in the stem is termed vyapti.

Option A:
Option A, paksha dharma, refers to a property present in the paksha, such as smoke on the hill, and is not itself the universal relation between hetu and sadhya. It designates a specific instance rather than a general rule.

Option B:
Option B, drstanta, is the example used to illustrate vyapti in familiar cases; while it helps communicate the relation, it is not the relation itself.

Option C:
Option C, trairupya, names the three characteristics of a valid hetu and is a test applied to reasons, not the pervading link between reason and probandum.

Option D:
Option D is correct because vyapti captures the idea that the hetu is found only where the sadhya is found. This connection enables the transition from observed sign to unobserved fact in anumana.