UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements B and E are wrong, whereas A, C, D and F are correct. The Convention on Biological Diversity has a broad focus on biodiversity conservation, sustainable use and benefit-sharing, not just marine pollution. International treaties generally require national legislation and implementation; treaties alone cannot solve problems without domestic action. The other statements accurately describe the UNFCCC, UNCCD, financial and technical support, and the need for international cooperation.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it lists only B as wrong and ignores E, which also misrepresents how global problems are addressed. By failing to include E, it does not capture the full set of incorrect statements.

Option B:
Option B is correct as it identifies exactly B and E as false and leaves the remaining statements recognised as true. It reflects a correct understanding that biodiversity treaties are broader and that treaties require follow-up at national levels.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect since it treats A as wrong along with B and E, even though A correctly states the objective of the UNFCCC. Including A among wrong statements contradicts official convention texts.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it adds F into the list of wrong statements. F correctly notes that transboundary problems require multi-country cooperation, so grouping it with B and E makes this option conceptually flawed.

Statements A, B, C and E are correct on treaty mandates, principles and non-state actor roles. Statement D is false because reporting is often required. Statement F is false because enforcement relies on reporting/review/finance/diplomacy, not military sanctions. Thus A, B, C and E only is correct.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete because it omits E.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it includes F (false) and omits A.

Option C:
Option C is correct because it includes A, B, C and E and excludes D and F.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it includes F (false) and omits B.

Statements A, B and C are actually all correct about the causes, consequences and international response to land degradation. A describes drivers like overgrazing and poor irrigation, B notes reduced soil fertility and yields and C points to the UNCCD framework. D is incorrect because land degradation is closely linked to poverty, especially in rural drylands. Since option B includes only A and B and omits C, it is incomplete. The correct combination must include A, B and C only.

Option A:
Option A is correct because it groups A, B and C and excludes D. It recognises the human-induced drivers of land degradation, its impact on productivity and the global policy response through UNCCD while rejecting the claim that it is unrelated to poverty. This comprehensive set matches the requirement.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it leaves out C, which is a factual statement about the UNCCD. Omitting a correct and relevant statement makes the option logically inadequate.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect since it includes D as correct along with B and C. D wrongly claims that land degradation has no connection with poverty, contradicting empirical evidence from dryland regions. Therefore, this combination cannot be accepted.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect as it combines A and C with D and omits B. Besides leaving out B, which is correct, it accepts D, which misrepresents the socio-economic implications of land degradation.