UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Vyāpti expresses the general, law like connection between hetu and sādhya across relevant cases, whereas pakṣadharmatā demands that the particular pakṣa actually possesses the hetu. Both are needed: without vyāpti, the hetu has no probative force; without pakṣadharmatā, the general relation cannot be applied to the case at hand.

Option A:
Option A swaps the ideas and confuses pakṣadharmatā with the sapakṣa condition; presence in pakṣa is pakṣadharmatā, not vyāpti.

Option B:
Option B correctly contrasts the global hetu–sādhya relation (vyāpti) with the local requirement that the hetu qualify the subject under discussion (pakṣadharmatā).

Option C:
Option C incorrectly claims that vyāpti is only about negatives and pakṣadharmatā only about positives; both concepts involve how the hetu and sādhya are related in various cases, not such a crude split.

Option D:
Option D mischaracterises the distinction by tying vyāpti to perception and pakṣadharmatā to testimony; both notions are structural features of inference, not names for different pramāṇas.