UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

A universal affirmative proposition has the standard logical form “All S are P”. It combines universal quantity with affirmative quality by stating that every member of the subject class is included in the predicate class. In traditional logic, this is known as an A-type proposition. Therefore the proposition described in the stem is a universal affirmative.

Option A:
Option A is correct because universal affirmative captures both key features of the proposition: it talks about all members of the subject and it affirms a positive relation to the predicate. This terminology is standard in the study of categorical logic.

Option B:
Option B, universal negative, would state that no members of the subject class belong to the predicate class, as in “No S are P”. This directly contradicts the claim in the stem and so cannot be right.

Option C:
Option C, particular affirmative, asserts that at least one member of the subject class belongs to the predicate class, usually phrased as “Some S are P”. It does not talk about all members and therefore does not match the description.

Option D:
Option D, particular negative, states that some S are not P, which changes both the quantity and quality of the proposition compared to the universal affirmative. Hence it is not appropriate here.

Statements A, B, D and E are correct, whereas C and F are false. A and B correctly describe the distribution of subject and predicate in universal forms, and D correctly notes that O distributes only the predicate. E is right that A and O are contradictories in the traditional square. C is wrong because I distributes neither term, and F is wrong because modern (Boolean) logic does not usually treat universal statements as existentially loaded. Hence A, B, D and E only is the correct combination.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete because it omits E, which correctly identifies the contradictory relation between A and O. Although A, B and D are true about distribution, leaving out E makes the description of categorical relations less complete. Therefore A, B and D only cannot be accepted as the full set of correct statements.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect as it omits D and claims only A, B and E are correct. While A, B and E are true, ignoring the distribution property of O propositions means one correct statement is missing. As a result, this option does not capture all the true statements given.

Option C:
Option C is wrong because it does not include A and instead accepts B, D and E only. Omitting A removes the basic rule for distribution in A statements. Since A is clearly correct, any option that leaves it out fails to represent the entire set of true statements.

Option D:
Option D is correct because it groups A, B, D and E, all of which align with traditional categorical logic and the square of opposition. It excludes C, which overstates I’s distribution, and F, which misrepresents modern logic’s stance on existential import. Thus this option exactly matches the set of correct statements.

Statements A, B, C, E and F are correct, while D is false. Conversion is valid for E and I forms, obversion works by changing quality and complementing the predicate, and contraposition in its full form applies to A and O in the traditional system. Obversion is valid for all four categorical forms, and exam questions can test recognition of these operations. D is wrong because simple conversion of an A proposition is not always valid; it must usually be converted to a particular form. Therefore A, B, C, E and F only is the correct combination.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete because it stops at A, B and C and leaves out E and F, which also state correct facts about obversion and exam usage. Without acknowledging that obversion is valid for all four forms and that these operations are tested, the account is partial. Hence A, B and C only cannot be accepted.

Option B:
Option B is correct because it brings together the three operations and their main properties along with their application in UGC NET questions. It rightly excludes D, which incorrectly generalises about simple conversion of A propositions. This combination fully reflects the standard treatment of immediate inferences.

Option C:
Option C is wrong since it includes D along with B, C, E and F and omits A. Accepting D means incorrectly treating simple conversion of every A as valid, and omitting A forgets the special status of E and I in conversion. This mix of error and omission makes the option unacceptable.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it omits B, removing the core definition of obversion, and it also drops E. Although it mentions some correct points, without B and with the absence of E it does not capture all true statements in the list. Therefore A, C, E and F only cannot be the correct answer.