UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B, C and E highlight pedagogical and access-related advantages of virtual labs. They can safely model complex or hazardous experiments, offer repeated practice, need alignment with objectives and extend opportunities to remote learners. Statement D is false because many disciplines still require hands-on work to develop psychomotor skills. Statement F is false because technical support and infrastructure such as bandwidth and compatible devices are critical for effective use, so the correct set includes A, B, C and E only.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete because it omits E and therefore does not address the equity aspect of reaching remote learners. While A, B and C are correct, they do not fully capture how virtual labs widen access, so this option is partial.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it includes D, which overstates the ability of virtual labs to replace physical practice entirely. Even with strong simulations, disciplines like medicine and engineering still require real-world practice, so D cannot be accepted.

Option C:
Option C is correct because it integrates safety, practice, alignment and access advantages without claiming that real labs or infrastructure planning are unnecessary. It therefore matches both pedagogical and practical perspectives on virtual labs.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it includes F and omits A. Accepting F denies the importance of infrastructure and support, which are vital to reliability. Leaving out A also overlooks the core reason for using virtual labs in high-risk or costly experiments.

Statements A, B and D are correct, while C is incorrect. A is true because instructional media should be chosen based on how well they support the stated learning objectives. B is true since infrastructure factors such as electricity, hardware and technical support affect feasible choices. D is true because characteristics like learners’ reading level and familiarity with technology must be considered. C is false because the most expensive technology is not automatically the best; effectiveness depends on suitability, not cost alone.

Option A:
Option A is correct because it groups A, B and D, covering alignment with objectives, infrastructural feasibility and learner characteristics. It deliberately excludes C, which wrongly assumes that higher cost guarantees better communication. Thus this option accurately reflects the full set of correct statements.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it includes only A and B and omits D. Although it recognises the importance of objectives and technical support, it fails to mention the crucial role of learner characteristics in media selection. Therefore A and B only is incomplete.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it groups B and D but leaves out A. By excluding A, it ignores the fundamental principle that media must first serve instructional goals. As a result, B and D only does not include all the correct statements.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it treats A, B, C and D as correct. Including C is problematic since costliness does not ensure pedagogic effectiveness. The presence of this false statement within the set invalidates the option.

Statements A, B, C, D and F are correct, while E is incorrect. Low bandwidth, limited digital literacy and distracting environments all interfere with understanding in online classes. Netiquette guidelines can reduce interpersonal friction, and technical support plus training help participants manage tools more effectively. Physical noise in the environment can still affect communication because it interferes with listening even when the class is online. Hence the correct set of statements is A, B, C, D and F.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete because it stops at A, B, C and D, leaving out F, which recognises the role of technical support and training in overcoming barriers. Without this element, the solution appears passive rather than proactive. Therefore A, B, C and D only cannot be accepted as the correct answer.

Option B:
Option B is correct since it combines A, B, C, D and F, capturing both key barriers and one important strategy for reducing them. It correctly excludes E, which wrongly suggests that physical noise is irrelevant in online communication. This combination aligns with practical experience of online teaching.

Option C:
Option C is wrong because it adds E to the otherwise accurate group, treating an obviously false claim as true. Physical noise around the learner can disturb their ability to hear the device audio. Including E makes this option inconsistent with real-world conditions.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect as it omits A and includes E, thereby dropping a central bandwidth issue while accepting a false statement. Although B, C, D and F are correct, ignoring A and endorsing E means B, C, D, E and F only cannot be the right answer.