UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B, C, D and F are correct because they show how biodiversity underpins services, provides livelihoods, is conserved through protected areas, is threatened by invasives and must be used sustainably. Statement E is wrong since biodiversity loss affects health and cultural values. Thus, the correct combination excludes E.

Option A:
Option A is correct as it includes all true statements and excludes E.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it includes E (false).

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it omits A and includes E (false).

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it includes E and omits C.

The BBNJ treaty fills a major gap in ocean governance by providing a framework to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction. A core part of the agreement is a mechanism to identify, establish and manage marine protected areas and other area-based measures on the high seas. These tools are intended to protect vulnerable ecosystems, migratory species and key ecological processes. The treaty also addresses environmental impact assessments and capacity building for developing countries.

Option A:
This option is incorrect because the treaty does not simply open the door to unrestricted deep-sea mining. Instead, it emphasises conservation and careful assessment of human activities.

Option B:
This option correctly highlights the treaty’s focus on creating and managing high seas protected areas and similar tools. It reflects the central conservation objective of the agreement.

Option C:
The treaty does not abolish regional fisheries bodies; rather, it is designed to work alongside existing institutions. Removing them would undermine current management arrangements.

Option D:
Ownership of high seas resources remains governed by international law principles such as the common heritage of humankind; the treaty does not hand them to a few large economies.