Statements A, B and D are correct, while C and E are incorrect. A is true because communication apprehension is defined as fear or anxiety related to communication situations. B is true as such learners often remain silent even when they know the answer. D is true since a supportive, non-threatening climate reduces fear of judgement. C is false because teachers can design gradual participation opportunities and give encouragement, and E is false because anxiety can also occur in written communication tasks. Therefore, A, B and D only is the correct combination.
Option A:
Option A brings together A, B and D, recognising definition, behavioural manifestations and the role of climate. It leaves out C and E, which wrongly deny teacher influence and restrict apprehension to oral contexts. Because it includes all and only the true statements, this option is correct.
Option B:
Option B contains A and B but omits D, failing to note the importance of classroom climate in reducing fear. As climate is central to communication experiences, A and B only is incomplete.
Option C:
Option C groups B and D but leaves out A, so it does not explicitly define communication apprehension, which is crucial in the item. Consequently, B and D only cannot be the best answer.
Option D:
Option D mixes A, C and D, but C incorrectly states that teachers have no role in reducing apprehension. Including C makes A, C and D only a mixture of true and false statements and therefore invalid.
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