UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

A case study focuses intensively on one case or a small number of cases to understand them holistically in their real-life context. It may use multiple sources of evidence such as interviews, documents and observations. The aim is depth of understanding rather than broad generalisation. Therefore, the in-depth investigation described in the stem is correctly termed a case study.

Option A:
A survey typically collects data from a relatively large sample using questionnaires or structured interviews to describe patterns or relationships. It does not usually concentrate deeply on a single case. So it is not the best match.

Option B:
An experiment involves manipulating an independent variable and controlling other factors to test causal hypotheses, often with multiple subjects or groups. It is different in purpose and design from an in-depth single-case focus. Hence, experiment is not appropriate.

Option C:
Ethnography examines cultural or social groups through prolonged fieldwork and participant observation. While it may focus on one community, its goal is to understand shared culture rather than a single bounded case such as one institution. Therefore, it does not exactly fit the stem.

Option D:
Option D, case study, explicitly denotes an in-depth examination of a case within its context, using rich data over time. This matches the description, making this option correct.