UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Virtual labs use computer-based simulations and remote access technologies to allow students to perform experiments online. They are particularly useful when physical access to laboratories is limited or when experiments are expensive or hazardous. The stem describes online platforms that simulate experiments, which are correctly called virtual labs, making Option C the appropriate answer.

Option A:
Virtual labs can supplement hands-on work by allowing repeated practice and exploration of scenarios that are difficult to replicate physically. They illustrate the increasing role of ICT in the higher education system, especially in science and engineering disciplines. These features align closely with the scenario outlined in the question.

Option B:
Real-time physical labs refer to experiments conducted in an actual laboratory space with equipment, which is different from online simulations. Option A thus does not match the description of experiments done virtually.

Option C:
Open book refers to a type of examination where students can consult materials, not to laboratories or experimental platforms. Option B is therefore unrelated to the stem.

Option D:
Manual-only labs would suggest exclusively physical, hands-on work without digital tools, which is precisely the opposite of virtual labs. Hence, Option D is not correct.