UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Participant observation involves the researcher taking part in the activities of the group or setting being studied while simultaneously observing and recording what happens. By sharing experiences with participants, the researcher can gain deeper, insider insights into meanings, norms and interactions. However, this dual role also raises ethical and objectivity challenges. Because the stem refers to becoming an active member while observing, this method is correctly termed participant observation.

Option A:
Non-participant observation keeps the researcher at the margin as an observer who does not actively engage in the group’s activities. This may preserve objectivity but may limit understanding of insider perspectives. Since the stem emphasises becoming an active member, non-participant is not the right completion.

Option B:
Controlled observation typically takes place in a structured setting where conditions can be regulated, and behaviour is observed under prearranged situations, which may or may not involve participation. It is more about control than about the researcher’s membership in the group, so controlled is not appropriate here.

Option C:
Structured observation uses well defined categories and checklists for recording specific behaviours, regardless of whether the observer participates. It emphasises systematic recording schemes rather than the researcher’s active role. Thus, structured is not the best answer for the participation described.

Option D:
Participant observation allows the researcher to experience the culture or context from within, which can reveal subtle practices and meanings that external observation might miss. This deep engagement aligns exactly with the description given in the question.