UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Effective disaster management recognises that communities are the first to face impacts and the first to respond. Local residents possess detailed knowledge of terrain, hazards and social networks that outside experts may lack. When they participate in risk assessment, planning, drills and early warning systems, measures become more realistic and widely accepted. Therefore, involving communities throughout the disaster management cycle harnesses local capacity and builds resilience, as stated in option D.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because treating disaster management as purely technical overlooks social, cultural and behavioural factors. Excluding communities can result in plans that fail during real events.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect since viewing people only as recipients of relief denies their agency and capabilities. Such a top-down approach misses opportunities for preparedness and risk reduction driven by communities themselves.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because hiding information increases vulnerability. Transparent risk communication allows people to take timely protective actions and reduces rumours and panic.

Option D:
Option D is correct as it emphasises participation, shared knowledge and empowerment. Community-based disaster risk management is widely promoted as a cornerstone of sustainable resilience.