Statement C is wrong because research questions do not have to be yes/no questions; they may be descriptive, comparative or explanatory in form. Statements A, B, D and E are correct: questions should be clear, hypotheses testable, vagueness leads to design problems and exploratory work may proceed with questions but no formal hypotheses. Therefore, C alone is the incorrect statement here.
Option A:
Option A is wrong because it combines C with D, even though D accurately highlights that vague questions make it difficult to choose appropriate designs and methods. By classifying D as wrong, this option misrepresents a genuine methodological risk.
Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it labels A, which rightly demands clarity and focus, as wrong along with C. This undermines a basic principle of good research question formulation.
Option C:
Option C is correct because it isolates C as the only statement inconsistent with accepted research practice. It acknowledges the diversity of question forms that can guide inquiry.
Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it pairs C with E, wrongly implying that using questions without hypotheses in exploratory work is a mistake. E is actually a true description of how exploratory studies often proceed.
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