UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B, C and E correctly contrast reasoning with heavy computation and reflect typical strategies for Paper 1, while D and F are false. Reasoning items emphasise structure, form and pattern rather than formula-heavy calculations, and some are embedded in short data contexts. Managing time by prioritising clearer questions is a sensible exam tactic. D exaggerates the role of memorising formulas, and F is wrong because reasoning can appear in short passages or caselets. Thus A, B, C and E only is the correct combination.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete because it leaves out E, which conveys an important practical strategy for handling reasoning sections efficiently. Without E, the advice on how to approach questions under time pressure is missing. Therefore A, B and C only is not fully adequate.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect since it omits B, one of the core statements about the importance of logical form in syllogisms, and includes only A, C and E. Without B, the nature of syllogistic reasoning is under-described, so the option does not reflect all correct statements.

Option C:
Option C is correct as it combines conceptual and strategic points relevant to UGC NET Paper 1 while excluding D and F, which misrepresent the nature of reasoning items. It aligns with how the exam is designed and taught in coaching materials. Hence this is the right answer.

Option D:
Option D is wrong because it accepts F and omits A, treating passage-based reasoning as non-existent and leaving out the central idea that patterns and structures matter. This mixture of omission and error prevents the option from being correct.

Ratio scales possess all properties of interval scales plus a true zero point, allowing meaningful statements about ratios. Time taken to complete a test has an absolute zero and permits comparisons such as one student taking twice as long as another.

Option A:
This option describes a nominal variable, where categories represent different types without inherent order or equal intervals. Hostel and rented house are labels, not quantities.

Option B:
This option refers to ordinal data, where ranks indicate order but not equal differences between positions; you cannot say that the difference between rank 1 and 2 equals that between 2 and 3.

Option C:
Option C describes temperature in degrees Celsius, which is usually treated as an interval scale: differences are meaningful, but zero does not represent the complete absence of temperature and ratios (40°C is not “twice as hot” as 20°C) are not meaningful.

Option D:
Option D is correct because time in minutes has a true zero and equal units, so both differences and ratios are meaningful, satisfying the definition of a ratio scale.

A continuous variable can take on any value within a given range and be subdivided into finer units. Weight is continuous because it can, in principle, be recorded with decimal precision such as 55.2 or 55.23 kilograms, making it suitable for many statistical techniques that assume continuity.

Option A:
This option refers to the number of students, which is a discrete variable because it can only take whole number values; you cannot have 30.5 students.

Option B:
This option correctly identifies weight measured on a metric scale as continuous; it can vary in very small increments and be represented by real numbers.

Option C:
This option describes type of school management, which is a categorical (nominal) variable rather than a continuous one.

Option D:
This option refers to gender categories such as male or female, which are also nominal and not continuous numerical measures.

Statement A correctly describes qualitative data as categorical. Statement B is true for quantitative data, which involve numerical magnitudes. Statement D is also correct, since continuous data can, in principle, assume any value in an interval with arbitrary precision. Statement C is false because discrete data take countable values with gaps, while continuous data take any value in an interval. Statement E is false as understanding data type helps in choosing appropriate measures and graphs. Hence, A, B and D only are correct.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete because it omits D (continuous data).

Option B:
Option B is correct since it includes all true statements and excludes C and E.

Option C:
Option C is wrong because it includes C (false).

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it includes C (false) and omits B.

A ratio scale has all the properties of an interval scale—equal intervals between values—and, in addition, a true zero point that indicates the complete absence of the measured attribute. This allows statements such as one value being twice or half of another to be meaningful. Examples include height, weight and reaction time. Because the stem highlights equal intervals, a true zero and meaningful ratios, it is describing a ratio scale.

Option A:
Interval scales, such as temperature in Celsius, have equal intervals but lack a true zero point, which makes ratio statements (like “twice as hot”) conceptually problematic. Therefore, interval is not sufficient to capture the “true zero and meaningful ratios” criterion given in the question.

Option B:
Ratio scales permit the full range of mathematical operations, including addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. This rich set of properties enables powerful statistical analyses and interpretable comparisons. These features match the description in the stem, so ratio is the correct completion.

Option C:
Nominal scales classify data into categories without order or quantitative meaning, making arithmetic operations and ratio statements inappropriate. They lack both equal intervals and a true zero, so nominal cannot be the answer.

Option D:
Ordinal scales indicate order among categories but do not assume equal differences between ranks, and they lack a true zero point. While they allow ranking, they do not support meaningful ratio comparisons, making ordinal an incorrect option for the stem’s description.

A ratio scale possesses all the properties of an interval scale—equal units and meaningful differences—but also includes a true zero point that indicates the absence of the measured attribute. This allows researchers to say that one score is twice or half another in a meaningful way, as in weight or height. Because of these features, ratio scales support the full range of mathematical operations. Thus, the scale described in the stem is correctly called the ratio scale.

Option A:
Ordinal scales allow ranking of cases but do not guarantee equal intervals between ranks, nor do they have a true zero. Numbers indicate order only, not the magnitude of differences, so ordinal scale does not match the properties described in the question.

Option B:
Nominal scales provide categorical labels without quantitative meaning or order and have no concept of interval or zero magnitude. They cannot support ratio statements like “twice as much.” Hence, nominal scale is not appropriate here.

Option C:
Interval scales do have equal units, enabling meaningful comparison of differences, but they lack a true zero point, as seen in Celsius temperature. This absence prevents meaningful ratio interpretations, so interval scale falls short of the description given in the stem.

Option D:
Ratio scales, by including a natural zero, make statements like “this object weighs twice as much as that one” legitimate, which is exactly the property highlighted in the question. This confirms ratio as the correct answer.

A ratio scale possesses all the properties of an interval scale—equal units and meaningful differences—plus a true zero point that indicates the complete absence of the quantity being measured. Because of the true zero, statements such as one value being twice another are meaningful. Examples include height, weight and Kelvin temperature. Thus, a scale with equal units and a true zero that allows ratio comparisons is correctly called a ratio scale.

Option A:
Nominal scales classify objects into categories without any inherent order, such as gender or blood group. They do not have equal units or a zero point with quantitative meaning, so they do not match the stem.

Option B:
Ordinal scales rank order items but do not guarantee equal intervals between ranks; they allow comparison of “greater than” or “less than” but not meaningful differences or ratios. Hence, ordinal is not the right answer.

Option C:
Interval scales have equal units and allow meaningful differences to be calculated, but they lack a true zero, so ratios can be misleading. Celsius temperature is a classic example. Therefore, interval does not fulfil the true-zero condition in the stem.

Option D:
Option D, ratio scale, uniquely combines equal intervals with an absolute zero, enabling multiplication and division operations that are not valid on other scales. This matches the description in the question precisely.