UGCNET Questions

Statistical analysis in quantitative research serves several purposes. Descriptive statistics summarize data through measures like mean, median and standard deviation. Inferential statistics help examine relationships and differences, and test hypotheses about populations based on sample data. Together, these techniques provide an evidence based basis for interpreting findings.

Option A:
Option A suggests replacing numbers with only qualitative description, which ignores the advantages of numerical precision and patterns that statistics reveal.

Option B:
Option B is correct because it combines summarization, exploration of relationships and hypothesis testing, which are central tasks of quantitative data analysis. It recognizes that statistics support but do not replace substantive interpretation.

Option C:
Option C claims that statistics eliminate the need for interpretation, which is false. Researchers must still relate numerical results to theory, context and practical implications.

Option D:
Option D assumes automatic acceptance of hypotheses, whereas statistical testing may lead to either rejection or failure to reject, depending on evidence.

Coding involves transforming raw responses into a format suitable for analysis, usually by assigning numeric or symbolic codes to each category of response. This step enables efficient data entry into statistical software and facilitates counting, classification and comparison. Predetermined coding schemes ensure consistency across cases and variables.

Option A:
This option describes tabulation, which occurs after coding and refers to arranging coded data in table form; it depends on coding but is not the same process.

Option B:
This option precisely defines coding as assigning symbols or numbers to categories based on a coding frame. It captures the preparatory role of coding in converting raw qualitative or categorical information into analyzable units.

Option C:
Drawing graphs and charts is part of data presentation and sometimes analysis. It uses data that have already been coded and tabulated; it is not itself the coding step.

Option D:
Writing descriptive summaries of interview transcripts is a qualitative analysis activity such as theming or narrative description. It may follow coding but is not what “coding of research data” means in standard quantitative processing.