UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B, C, D and F give a correct account of hypothetical and disjunctive syllogisms, whereas E is false. Hypothetical syllogisms use conditionals, and a pure hypothetical form like “If p then q; if q then r; therefore if p then r” is valid. Disjunctive syllogism, “p or q; not p; therefore q”, is a standard valid pattern, and chains of conditionals can be understood as repeated applications of modus ponens. UGC NET questions sometimes hide these structures in ordinary language. E is wrong because the mere presence of “or” does not make an argument invalid; it depends on how the disjunction is used.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete as it omits F, failing to mention that such patterns often appear implicitly in exam questions. While A, B, C and D are true descriptions of the logical forms, they do not connect these forms to their test usage. Thus A, B, C and D only is not fully adequate.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it includes E, which claims that all disjunctive syllogisms are invalid, contrary to basic logic where disjunctive syllogism is a paradigmatic valid form. Including E invalidates the entire combination. Hence A, B, C, D and E only cannot be accepted.

Option C:
Option C is wrong as it omits A and includes only B, C, D and F, leaving out the general characterisation of hypothetical syllogisms as involving conditionals. Without A, the picture of the pattern is incomplete. Therefore B, C, D and F only cannot be the right answer.

Option D:
Option D is correct because it gathers all the true statements and excludes E, which mischaracterises the status of disjunctive syllogisms. It accurately reflects the formal patterns and acknowledges how they are embedded in UGC NET reasoning questions. Consequently, A, B, C, D and F only is the appropriate answer.

Statements A, B, C and E correctly describe different forms of hypothetical syllogisms, while D is false. A pure hypothetical syllogism chains conditionals, while mixed forms involve a conditional plus a categorical premise, as with modus ponens and modus tollens. Not every pattern with two conditionals and a categorical conclusion is valid; the form matters. UGC NET reasoning often includes such patterns, making E true. Thus A, B, C, E only is the correct set.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete because it omits E, ignoring the explicit exam focus of the question. A, B, C only therefore does not fully address the stem.

Option B:
Option B is wrong since it leaves out C, failing to mention that modus ponens and modus tollens are canonical examples of mixed hypothetical forms. A, B, E only thus under-describes the topic.

Option C:
Option C is correct as it gathers the main patterns and the exam orientation, while rightly excluding D, which overgeneralises about any argument combining two conditionals and one categorical conclusion.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it includes D, thereby endorsing the claim that any such structure is valid, which is demonstrably untrue. B, C, D, E only therefore mixes in a clear error.