UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Statements A, B and D are correct because EIA is a predictive tool carried out before project approval, incorporates public inputs and proposes mitigation and monitoring plans. It helps decision makers anticipate and reduce negative environmental impacts. Statement C is incorrect since post-construction studies are more in the nature of monitoring or audits, not the core EIA itself. Hence, A, B and D together form the correct combination.

Option A:
Option A is incomplete as it lists only A and B and omits D. Without recognising the role of mitigation and monitoring in EIA reports, the description of the process is not full. Therefore, this option fails to capture all correct statements.

Option B:
Option B is correct because it includes the predictive, participatory and planning dimensions of EIA and excludes C, which misplaces the timing of EIA after construction. This reflects the standard definition and use of EIA in environmental management.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect since it includes C along with B and D. Accepting C would wrongly redefine EIA as a post-construction activity, which contradicts its preventive character.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it combines A and D with C and omits B. While A and D are true, including C and leaving out public consultation fails to represent EIA accurately and ignores its participatory dimension.

Statements A, B, D and F correctly explain the role of commissions and committees. A is true because major commissions have shaped policy frameworks. B is true as their reports cover governance, curriculum and finance. D is true since policy processes often seek inputs from experts and stakeholders. F is true because international comparisons provide ideas and cautions for reforms. C is false because policies can and do influence law and practice, and E is false because policies are revised and updated in response to new evidence and feedback.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it omits F and thus fails to acknowledge the value of comparative international perspectives in policy design.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect because it includes E, which wrongly claims that policies cannot be reviewed, contradicting the practice of periodic policy revision.

Option C:
Option C is correct as it includes A, B, D and F, the four accurate statements about historical influence, content scope, consultation and comparative learning, while excluding C and E, which portray policy as merely symbolic or unchangeable.

Option D:
Option D is incorrect because it includes C, which says policy documents never influence practice, and therefore conflicts with the actual impact of commission reports.

Statement B is the only wrong statement because many countries require Environmental Impact Assessment for major transportation projects to examine potential impacts and mitigation options. Statements A, C and D are correct: highways can fragment habitats and cause road kills, consultation surfaces local concerns and properly designed structures can help wildlife cross roads safely. Hence, identifying B only as wrong is the correct response.

Option A:
Option A is incorrect because it considers both A and B as wrong, even though statement A correctly identifies habitat fragmentation and wildlife mortality as established impacts of highway construction. Grouping a correct statement with the wrong one is not logically consistent with the question’s demand.

Option B:
Option B is incorrect as it marks B and C as wrong. While B is false, C is correct since public consultation is a widely recognised part of participatory environmental planning and is required in many EIA processes. Treating C as wrong contradicts good governance principles.

Option C:
Option C is incorrect because it labels B and D as wrong together. Statement D is valid, as wildlife crossings like culverts and underpasses are an important mitigation measure in road ecology. Including D among wrong statements makes this option unacceptable.

Option D:
Option D is correct since it isolates B, the only incorrect statement, and implicitly recognises A, C and D as correct. It reflects current practice where EIAs, public participation and engineering design for wildlife are key elements in managing transport-related environmental impacts.