UGC NET Questions (Paper – 1)

Basic research is conducted primarily to develop or refine theories and to expand the frontiers of knowledge without immediate concern for practical use. Applied research, on the other hand, uses theoretical insights to address concrete issues in real world settings. The distinction lies mainly in the orientation of the problem and the nature of outcomes expected. Thus this statement correctly contrasts the two forms of research.

Option A:
Option A reverses the orientation of basic and applied research and therefore is conceptually incorrect. Basic research is usually not oriented towards immediate practical solutions. Applied research is precisely the type that focuses on solving practical issues.

Option B:
Option B clearly states that basic research deals with generalization and theoretical explanation. It also notes that applied research deals with specific, practical problems. This matches the widely accepted classification in research methodology, making this the best differentiation.

Option C:
Option C suggests that neither type uses theory, which is misleading. Both basic and applied research are often grounded in theoretical frameworks, though applied research may emphasize application of theories to practice.

Option D:
Option D presents an evaluative judgment, claiming that applied research is always inferior. In reality, both forms are important and valued; applied research can have high social and academic significance when methodologically sound.